{"id":596071,"date":"2023-10-20T14:00:36","date_gmt":"2023-10-20T12:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ftmo.com\/?p=596071"},"modified":"2023-10-26T13:54:34","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T11:54:34","slug":"jak-si-zlepsit-stop-loss-a-take-profit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ftmo.com\/cs\/jak-si-zlepsit-stop-loss-a-take-profit\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak si zlep\u0161it Stop Loss a Take Profit?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chyst\u00e1te se na backtesting strategie a chcete, aby va\u0161e hodnoty SL a TP co nejv\u00edce odpov\u00eddaly va\u0161emu tradingov\u00e9mu stylu a strategii? Nebo se v\u00e1m zd\u00e1, \u017ee va\u0161e hodnoty SL a TP nejsou optim\u00e1ln\u00ed a nech\u00e1v\u00e1te tak sv\u00e9 profity zbyte\u010dn\u011b \u201ena stole\u201c? Pak byste se m\u011bli soust\u0159edit na hodnoty Maximum Adverse Excursion a Maximum Favorable Excursion.<\/em><\/p>\n

Backtesting<\/a> strategie je nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159i tvorb\u011b tradingov\u00e9 strategie ka\u017ed\u00e9ho seri\u00f3zn\u00edho obchodn\u00edka na forexu. Bez backtestingu nen\u00ed trader schopen odhadnout, jak bude jeho strategie v\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu fungovat a jak\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdnosy m\u016f\u017ee (v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jej\u00edho dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed) o\u010dek\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 optimalizace hodnot Stop Lossu<\/a> a Take Profitu, s\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e n\u00e1m mohou velice pomoci tzv. Maximum Adverse Excursion (doslova Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e1 odchylka, ale p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdraz maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta) a Maximum Favorable Excursion (Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e1 odchylka, resp. maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00fd zisk).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Maximum Adverse Excursion<\/h2>\n

Maximum Adverse Excursion je zjednodu\u0161en\u011b hladina ztr\u00e1ty, do n\u00ed\u017e se dostane otev\u0159en\u00e1 pozice, kter\u00e1 nakonec skon\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0zisku. V\u00a0backtestingu je to velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee traderovi pomoci p\u0159i ur\u010den\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho Stop Lossu na takovou \u00farove\u0148. Pokud se obchodn\u00edk rozhodne pro backtesting sv\u00e9 strategie, ur\u010dit\u011b by m\u011bl myslet na to, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem a kam bude sv\u016fj SL umis\u0165ovat.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Se ztr\u00e1tami se po\u010d\u00edtat mus\u00ed, a stejn\u011b tak s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee i ziskov\u00e9 obchody se nepohybuj\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1d t\u00edm sm\u011brem, jak\u00fd si trader p\u0159eje. Pokud si trader nastav\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 t\u011bsn\u00fd Stop Loss<\/a>, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt po\u010det jeho ztr\u00e1tov\u00fdch obchod\u016f zbyte\u010dn\u011b vysok\u00fd, pokud si naopak nastav\u00ed Stop Loss p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 konzervativn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee se mu st\u00e1t, \u017ee (p\u0159i rozumn\u011b nastaven\u00e9 hodnot\u011b RRR) jeho obchody neskon\u010d\u00ed na hodnot\u011b Take Profitu tak \u010dasto, jak by si p\u0159\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

Objem dat nepodce\u0148ujte<\/h2>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b data o MAE jsou vhodn\u00e1 k\u00a0tomu, aby trader zjistil, jak\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b jsou pro jeho strategii vhodn\u00e9 a n\u00e1sledn\u011b je pak m\u016f\u017ee upravit. MAE je v\u0161ak vhodn\u00e9 tak\u00e9 pro tradery, kte\u0159\u00ed si vedou obchodn\u00ed den\u00edk<\/a> a cht\u011bj\u00ed svou strategii po ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b optimalizovat. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 plat\u00ed, \u017ee aby byly hodnoty vypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt datov\u00fd vzorek co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo zkreslen\u00ed dat a aby bylo jasn\u00e9, jak strategie reaguje na r\u016fzn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky na trz\u00edch. To plat\u00ed jak v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bactestingu, tak i u obchodn\u00edho den\u00edku.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee va\u0161e obchody po vstupu ne\u0161ly cel\u00fd \u010das v\u00e1mi po\u017eadovan\u00fdm sm\u011brem, ale ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das s\u00a0nenach\u00e1zely ve ztr\u00e1t\u011b. N\u00ed\u017ee je \u0159ada \u010d\u00edsel, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavovaly hladiny MAE, na kter\u00e9 se cena dostala v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu trv\u00e1n\u00ed ziskov\u00fdch obchod\u016f (nula znamen\u00e1, \u017ee obchod se povedl a cena v\u00a0jeho pr\u016fb\u011bhu ne\u0161la do m\u00ednusu):<\/p>\n

15; 23; 18; 16; 0; 11; 31; 17; 8; 0; 19; 26; 0; 38; 22; 13; 16; 21; 24; 11; 14; 23; 4; 0; 7;<\/p>\n

Lep\u0161\u00ed hodnota SL a TP<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se po anal\u00fdze dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e9ho vzorku dat (v\u00fd\u0161e vypsan\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla za takov\u00fd vzorek nepova\u017eujeme) m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee budete moci sv\u016fj p\u016fvodn\u00ed SL upravit takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, \u017ee p\u0159i nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9m riziku v\u00a0procentech m\u016f\u017eete nav\u00fd\u0161it velikost sv\u00fdch pozic. P\u0159i nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9m RRR<\/a> tak m\u016f\u017eete mnohem \u010dast\u011bji kon\u010dit se ziskem, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete sv\u00e9 RRR je\u0161t\u011b nav\u00fd\u0161it a zajistit si tak p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m obchod\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zisk v\u00a0absolutn\u00edm vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/h3>\n

Kdy\u017e m\u011bl obchodn\u00edk nastaven SL ve sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed strategii (RRR na \u00farovni 2) na 35 bodech a nov\u011b bude po\u010d\u00edtat se SL na \u00farovni 25 bod\u016f, bude m\u00edt nam\u00edsto 1 ztr\u00e1tov\u00e9ho obchodu 4, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 se mu sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fd po\u010det bod\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch k dosa\u017een\u00ed profitu na 50. T\u00edm se mu m\u016f\u017ee op\u011bt nav\u00fd\u0161it pravd\u011bpodobnost zisk\u016f. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee ponechat TP na 70 bodech a jeho RRR se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed na 2,8, co\u017e mu v\u00fdrazn\u011b nav\u00fd\u0161\u00ed zisky. P\u0159i risku 250 USD a zisku 500 USD bude jeho celkov\u00fd v\u00fdsledek ze ziskov\u00fdch obchod\u016f v prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b 11 750 USD, ve druh\u00e9m pak 13 700 USD.<\/p>\n

Lep\u0161\u00ed vstupn\u00ed pozice<\/h2>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem je posun vstupu proti sm\u011bru va\u0161eho obchodu. Kdy\u017e pak dostanete sign\u00e1l do long pozice, m\u016f\u017eete zadat pokyn buy limit n\u011bkolik pip\u016f pod hranici p\u016fvodn\u011b uva\u017eovan\u00e9ho vstupu. Umo\u017en\u00ed v\u00e1m to posunout sv\u016fj Stop Loss na bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148, zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1m to \u0161anci na dosa\u017een\u00ed TP a z\u00e1rove\u0148 op\u011bt m\u016f\u017eete nastavit vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 RRR.<\/p>\n

Pokud by tedy trader p\u0159i sign\u00e1lu do vstupu nastavil buy limit 10 bod\u016f proti sm\u011bru sv\u00e9ho obchodu (v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b long pozice 10 bod\u016f pod p\u016fvodn\u00ed vstup a naopak), nam\u00edsto 25 obchod\u016f by zrealizoval pouze 18 obchod\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 by v\u0161ak mohl nastavit Stop Loss na 20 bod\u016f a na p\u016fvodn\u00ed hodnot\u011b TP (kter\u00e1 se te\u010f zm\u011bn\u00ed na 80 bod\u016f) by vzrostla hodnota jeho RRR<\/a> na 4. P\u0159i stejn\u00e9m risku v\u00a0dolarech tak jeho celkov\u00fd v\u00fdsledek ze ziskov\u00fdch obchod\u016f stoupne na 18\u00a0000 USD.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/h3>\n

Nakonec v\u00e1m tedy mo\u017en\u00e1 ute\u010de p\u00e1r dobr\u00fdch obchod\u016f, kter\u00e9 by mohly skon\u010dit v\u00a0zisku, ale myslete na star\u00e9 pravidlo \u201eje lep\u0161\u00ed neb\u00fdt v\u00a0ziskov\u00e9m obchod\u011b, ne\u017e b\u00fdt ve ztr\u00e1tov\u00e9m obchod\u011b\u201c. V\u00a0kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku se tak vyhnete n\u011bkolika ztr\u00e1tov\u00fdm obchod\u016fm a ty ziskov\u00e9 mohou z\u00e1rove\u0148 skon\u010dit s\u00a0mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm absolutn\u00edm profitem. To v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee velice v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zvednou sebev\u011bdom\u00ed a psychickou pohodu. A o to ka\u017ed\u00e9mu z\u00a0n\u00e1s jde.<\/p>\n

Maximum Favorable Excursion<\/h2>\n

Maximum Favorable Excursion traderovi uk\u00e1\u017ee, jak\u00e9 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed zisky z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch obchod\u016f mohl dos\u00e1hnout. Stejn\u011b jako u MEA, i tento n\u00e1stroj je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd jak pro backtesting, tak pro optimalizaci strategie tradera. Z nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch a zanalyzovan\u00fdch dat pak trader m\u016f\u017ee zjistit, jestli nenastavuje sv\u00e9 Take Profity p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzko a nech\u00e1v\u00e1 tak na trhu velkou \u010d\u00e1st potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdnos\u016f. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b mu data mohou uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee jeho TP je naopak zbyte\u010dn\u011b daleko a u mnoha ztr\u00e1tov\u00fdch obchod\u016f by jeho lep\u0161\u00ed nastaven\u00ed mohlo znamenat ziskov\u00fd obchod.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

V kombinaci se spr\u00e1vn\u011b nastavenou \u00farovn\u00ed MAE pak m\u016f\u017ee trader vyladit svou strategii a v\u00fdznamn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it svou hodnotu RRR bez toho, aby se zvy\u0161oval po\u010det jeho ztr\u00e1tov\u00fdch obchod\u016f. Na druhou stranu m\u016f\u017ee zjistit, \u017ee pro jeho obchodn\u00ed strategii je v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nastaven\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho RRR<\/a>, kter\u00e9 ale povede k mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti obchod\u016f. To zase m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pozitivn\u00ed vliv na psychiku tradera, kter\u00e1 je pro dlouhodob\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch nezbytn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak vyu\u017e\u00edt MAE a MFE ve sv\u00e9m obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed je ur\u010dit\u011b hodn\u011b a je pot\u0159eba tomu v\u011bnovat ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das. Ten se ale nakonec uk\u00e1\u017ee jako velmi dobr\u00e1 investice, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017ee va\u0161e obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed posunout t\u00edm spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm sm\u011brem, aby byly va\u0161e v\u00fdsledky co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejlep\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u00edce konzistentn\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chyst\u00e1te se na backtesting strategie a chcete, aby va\u0161e hodnoty SL a TP co nejv\u00edce odpov\u00eddaly va\u0161emu tradingov\u00e9mu stylu a strategii? Nebo se v\u00e1m zd\u00e1, \u017ee va\u0161e hodnoty SL a TP nejsou optim\u00e1ln\u00ed a nech\u00e1v\u00e1te tak sv\u00e9 profity zbyte\u010dn\u011b \u201ena stole\u201c? Pak byste se m\u011bli soust\u0159edit na hodnoty Maximum Adverse Excursion a Maximum Favorable Excursion. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":596148,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[88909],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-596071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rady-a-tipy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJak si zlep\u0161it Stop Loss a Take Profit? | FTMO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Zd\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00e1m, \u017ee va\u0161e hodnoty SL a TP nejsou optim\u00e1ln\u00ed? 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